Let’s implement a regression example where the aim is to train a network to predict the value of a node given the value of all other nodes i.e. each node has a single feature (which is a scalar value). The aim of this example is to leverage the inherent relational information encoded in the graph…
The Complete Guide to Understanding Large-Language Models and How to Work with Them. Originally Published on my Substack Have you ever wondered how a chatbot like ChatGPT or any other Large Language Model (LLM) works? When a new technology really wows and gets us excited, it becomes a part of us. We make it ours,…
Expense reimbursement is a fundamental aspect of business operations, encompassing the process by which employees are paid back for expenses they've incurred on behalf of the company. These expenses often include travel, meals, accommodation, and office supplies—costs that are essential for carrying out business activities but are initially borne by employees. The goal of an…
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Have you heard of Andrej Karpathy? He's a renowned computer scientist and AI researcher known for his work on deep learning and neural networks. He played a key role in the development of ChatGPT at OpenAI and was previously the Sr. Director of AI at Tesla. Even before that, he…
Learn how to build neural networks for direct causal inference Photo by Geranimo on UnsplashBuilding machine learning models is fairly easy nowadays, but often, making good predictions is not enough. On top, we want to make causal statements about interventions. Knowing with high accuracy that a customer will leave our company is good, but knowing…
Business expense categories are a systematic classification of costs incurred during the operation of a business, designed to organize and track financial outflows for purposes such as tax preparation, budgeting, and financial analysis. This categorization helps businesses manage their finances more efficiently by providing insights into spending patterns and identifying potential tax deductions. Smart entrepreneurs…
Managing expenses often proves to be a Herculean task for many organizations. Traditional expense management systems are often fraught with challenges: manual data entry is time-consuming and prone to errors; fraudulent claims can slip through the cracks; and ensuring compliance with company policies and tax laws can feel like navigating a minefield. These inefficiencies not…
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Comments by Tom Miller, Faculty Director of Northwestern University’s MSDS program.
Years ago, as a student of applied statistics at the University of Minnesota, I learned a lesson about programming in academia. At the start of the course, the professor said,
"I don't care what language you use for assignments, as long…
Image Quality Assessment (IQA) is a method that standardizes the evaluation criteria for analyzing different aspects of images, including structural information, visual content, etc. To improve this method, various subjective studies have adopted comparative settings. In recent studies, researchers have explored large multimodal models (LMMs) to expand IQA from giving a scalar score to open-ended…
A Brief Tutorial Photo by Nabeel Hussain on UnsplashK-Means is a popular unsupervised algorithm for clustering tasks. Despite its popularity, it can be difficult to use in some contexts due to the requirement that the number of clusters (or k) be chosen before the algorithm has been implemented. Two quantitative methods to address this issue…